Title: Standard for Floating Object Water Quality Monitoring
The Standard for Floating Object Water Quality Monitoring is an internationally recognized document that provides guidelines for the collection, analysis, and interpretation of water quality data from floating objects such as ships, boats, and other aquatic vehicles. The standard aims to ensure the accuracy and reliability of water quality monitoring data, which is essential for protecting human health and the environment. The standard covers various aspects of water quality monitoring, including sampling procedures, equipment requirements, data management, and reporting guidelines. It also emphasizes the importance of compliance with relevant regulations and standards, such as those set by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme. Overall, the Standard for Floating Object Water Quality Monitoring plays a crucial role in advancing global efforts to promote sustainable development and protect our precious water resources.
Abstract: The floating object water quality monitoring (FOWQ) technique is a widely adopted approach for measuring water quality parameters in rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water. This paper aims to introduce the fundamental principles, design, installation, operation, and maintenance requirements of the floating object water quality monitoring system. Additionally, it discusses the application of FOWQ in environmental monitoring, hydrological research, and water resource management. Furthermore, the potential challenges associated with FOWQ technology are discussed, along with suggestions for future improvements and developments.
1. Introduction
Water is an essential resource for human survival and economic development. However, the quality of water has been declining due to various anthropogenic and natural factors such as pollution, climate change, and overexploitation. Effective monitoring of water quality is crucial for ensuring public health, protecting aquatic ecosystems, and managing water resources sustainably. One promising method for monitoring water quality is the floating object water quality monitoring (FOWQ) technique. This technique utilizes drifting or submerged objects to measure water parameters continuously and remotely. In this paper, we will discuss the basic principles, design, installation, operation, and maintenance requirements of the FOWQ system.
2. Principles of FOWQ
The FOWQ system works by deploying a fleet of drifting or submerged objects (e.g., buoys, gliders, sondes, or sensors) into the water body. These objects carry various types of sensors that measure water parameters such as temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved organic matter (DOM), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), total suspended solids (TSS), and others. The sensors collect data at regular intervals and transmit the information to a receiver on shore or in the air via satellite or radio waves. The data can then be processed and analyzed to assess water quality and identify any changes or anomalies.
The main advantages of FOWQ are its cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and non-invasiveness. Unlike fixed-based water quality monitoring systems (e.g.,水质自动监测站), FOWQ can reach remote areas or areas with limited access easily. It can also provide real-time data that allows for prompt response to environmental events or emergencies. Moreover, FOWQ does not require any physical contact with the waterbody or its ecosystem, reducing the risk of disturbance or contamination.
3. Design of FOWQ
The design of the FOWQ system depends on several factors such as the water body size, depth, velocity, current density, and environmental conditions. Here are some key aspects of the FOWQ design process:
a) Object selection: Different types of objects are suitable for different water bodies and environmental conditions. For example, buoys are ideal for calm waters with low currents, whereas gliders can operate in turbulent waters with high currents. Sensors should also be selected based on the desired measurements and accuracy requirements.
b) Object placement: The placement of objects should ensure adequate coverage of the monitoring area while minimizing interference from other objects or obstacles. Objects should be placed at regular intervals or along predefined routes to avoid missing any critical regions or sections.
c) Data transmission: The data collected by the sensors should be transmitted accurately and reliably to the receiver. Various communication technologies such as wireless (e.g., Wi-Fi, LoRaWAN), satellite, or optical fiber can be used depending on the distance and bandwidth requirements. A reliable data transmission system is essential for accurate interpretation of the monitored data and ensuring continuous monitoring of water quality.
d) Power supply: Most FOWQ objects rely on power supplied by batteries or solar panels to operate effectively over extended periods without human intervention. The choice of power source should consider the expected battery life, charging time, and environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity.
4. Installation of FOWQ
Installing the FOWQ system involves several steps such as selecting appropriate objects, placing them in the desired locations
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